Using Science Magazine’s 125 Top Questions from 2005, the Mind Science Foundation put on this debate on the Neuronal Correlates of Consciousness. In very brief terms, here is the background:
Inquiry into what consciousness may or may not be has been ranging for over two thousand years, but it is only recently that science has allowed itself to explore consciousness. Yet it cannot, because though we know intimately that consciousness is there (I think, therefore I am) there is nothing to measure. The best science can yet do is to look at what happens in the brain during conscious and un/non conscious events such as sleeping, dreaming, waking, making love, watching television, driving cars, falling out of airplanes, etc. The activity they can measure are correlated to reports of subjective experience.
Here is the debate. It’s fast, so don’t blink or you’ll miss a whole lecture!
The MIND SCIENCE FOUNDATION
is pleased to announce that the October issue of Scientific American features MSF’s inaugural
“Distinguished Debates in Consciousness”
with a spirited debate between
Susan Greenfield, CBE, D. Phil. (Oxford) and
Christof Koch, Ph.D. (California Institute of Technology)
focused on one of the central issues of consciousness research – the search for the elusive NCC (Neuronal Correlates of Consciousness).
Moderator: Joseph Dial
For the 125 most compelling and puzzling questions today, visit the special anniversary issue of Science here.
Amazingly, the second question on their list is:
What is the Biological Basis of Consciousness?
An interesting note: the framing of the question above assumes (consciously or not) that there is a biological basis out there to find. This is something like asking, “What is the mechanical basis for driving?” or “What is the physical basis for exercise?” Though it is a valid question, it may only tell us what is happening biologically at the same time the organism is thinking, feeling, and behaving in a particular way. The answer to this question cannot tell us what consciousness is any more than knowing the mechanical interaction of parts of a car will tell you what driving is, let alone the experience of driving.
NCCs seem to be but a way in the door of understanding consciousness, though from science’s stance on generating falsifiable hypotheses and testing them, it seems to be the best possible. Here’s the rub: science tries to remove itself from the limitations of subjective, first person experience. Here, I don’t know how to get away from actual subjective experience, that is to say, consciousness itself. For example, let’s say that we take the perfect brain scan, which tells us exactly which neurons are firing, which other neurons they are connected with, in what order, with such and such timing, and so on. All the electrical, chemical, and mechanical aspects of the interchange are precisely described. We would still be left with having to ask the subject of the scan what he or she was thinking at the time of the scan.. What were being done? What was experienced? That’s exactly what we’re trying to correlate - experience - with brain (and perhaps body) activity.
What we’re left is this: consciousness trying to understand the activity in a system, dependent on using consciousness itself to correlate activity to, well, consciousness.
Is it any wonder it’s such a fascinating and challenging problem?
For a definition of what seems to be THE problem of consciousness, just google “hard problem of consciousness.“